Excel VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) is a programming language used to automate tasks and enhance functionality within Microsoft Excel. It allows users to write macros—scripts that can automate repetitive actions, perform complex calculations, manipulate data, and create custom user forms and interfaces. Excel VBA can be used to customize Excel workflows, integrate with other applications, and create advanced data analysis tools. It provides a powerful way to extend Excel's capabilities, making it a popular choice for users who want to streamline processes and increase productivity.