Algorithms are step-by-step procedures or sets of rules designed to solve a specific problem or perform a task. They are fundamental to computer science and are used to process data, perform calculations, automate reasoning, and manage tasks efficiently. Algorithms can vary in complexity and efficiency, and they are typically designed to minimize resources like time and memory. Examples include sorting algorithms (like QuickSort), search algorithms (like Binary Search), and graph algorithms (like Dijkstra’s shortest path). Effective algorithms are crucial for optimizing performance in software development and problem-solving.